title: "Array creation routines" date: 2026-05-24T13:51:21Z

Array creation routines

Ones and zeros

1import numpy as np

Create a new array of 2*2 integers, without initializing entries.

array([[0, 0],
       [0, 0]])

Let X = np.array([1,2,3], [4,5,6], np.int32). Create a new array with the same shape and type as X.

1X = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], np.int32)

array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]])

Create a 3-D array with ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.]])

array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.]])

Create a new array of 3*2 float numbers, filled with ones.

array([[ 1.,  1.],
       [ 1.,  1.],
       [ 1.,  1.]])

Let x = np.arange(4, dtype=np.int64). Create an array of ones with the same shape and type as X.

1x = np.arange(4, dtype=np.int64)

array([1, 1, 1, 1], dtype=int64)

Create a new array of 3*2 float numbers, filled with zeros.

array([[ 0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.]])

Let x = np.arange(4, dtype=np.int64). Create an array of zeros with the same shape and type as X.

1x = np.arange(4, dtype=np.int64)

array([0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=int64)

Create a new array of 2*5 uints, filled with 6.

array([[6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
       [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]], dtype=uint32)

Let x = np.arange(4, dtype=np.int64). Create an array of 6's with the same shape and type as X.

1x = np.arange(4, dtype=np.int64)

array([6, 6, 6, 6], dtype=int64)

From existing data

Create an array of [1, 2, 3].

array([1, 2, 3])

Let x = [1, 2]. Convert it into an array.

1x = [1,2]

array([1, 2])

Let X = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]). Convert it into a matrix.

1X = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

matrix([[1, 2],
        [3, 4]])

Let x = [1, 2]. Conver it into an array of float.

1x = [1, 2]

array([ 1.,  2.])

Let x = np.array([30]). Convert it into scalar of its single element, i.e. 30.

1x = np.array([30])

30

Let x = np.array([1, 2, 3]). Create a array copy of x, which has a different id from x.

1x = np.array([1, 2, 3])

70140352 [1 2 3]
70140752 [1 2 3]

Numerical ranges

Create an array of 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 100.

array([  2,   4,   6,   8,  10,  12,  14,  16,  18,  20,  22,  24,  26,
        28,  30,  32,  34,  36,  38,  40,  42,  44,  46,  48,  50,  52,
        54,  56,  58,  60,  62,  64,  66,  68,  70,  72,  74,  76,  78,
        80,  82,  84,  86,  88,  90,  92,  94,  96,  98, 100])

Create a 1-D array of 50 evenly spaced elements between 3. and 10., inclusive.

array([  3.        ,   3.14285714,   3.28571429,   3.42857143,
         3.57142857,   3.71428571,   3.85714286,   4.        ,
         4.14285714,   4.28571429,   4.42857143,   4.57142857,
         4.71428571,   4.85714286,   5.        ,   5.14285714,
         5.28571429,   5.42857143,   5.57142857,   5.71428571,
         5.85714286,   6.        ,   6.14285714,   6.28571429,
         6.42857143,   6.57142857,   6.71428571,   6.85714286,
         7.        ,   7.14285714,   7.28571429,   7.42857143,
         7.57142857,   7.71428571,   7.85714286,   8.        ,
         8.14285714,   8.28571429,   8.42857143,   8.57142857,
         8.71428571,   8.85714286,   9.        ,   9.14285714,
         9.28571429,   9.42857143,   9.57142857,   9.71428571,
         9.85714286,  10.        ])

Create a 1-D array of 50 element spaced evenly on a log scale between 3. and 10., exclusive.

array([  1.00000000e+03,   1.38038426e+03,   1.90546072e+03,
         2.63026799e+03,   3.63078055e+03,   5.01187234e+03,
         6.91830971e+03,   9.54992586e+03,   1.31825674e+04,
         1.81970086e+04,   2.51188643e+04,   3.46736850e+04,
         4.78630092e+04,   6.60693448e+04,   9.12010839e+04,
         1.25892541e+05,   1.73780083e+05,   2.39883292e+05,
         3.31131121e+05,   4.57088190e+05,   6.30957344e+05,
         8.70963590e+05,   1.20226443e+06,   1.65958691e+06,
         2.29086765e+06,   3.16227766e+06,   4.36515832e+06,
         6.02559586e+06,   8.31763771e+06,   1.14815362e+07,
         1.58489319e+07,   2.18776162e+07,   3.01995172e+07,
         4.16869383e+07,   5.75439937e+07,   7.94328235e+07,
         1.09647820e+08,   1.51356125e+08,   2.08929613e+08,
         2.88403150e+08,   3.98107171e+08,   5.49540874e+08,
         7.58577575e+08,   1.04712855e+09,   1.44543977e+09,
         1.99526231e+09,   2.75422870e+09,   3.80189396e+09,
         5.24807460e+09,   7.24435960e+09])

Building matrices

Let X = np.array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3], [ 4, 5, 6, 7], [ 8, 9, 10, 11]]). Get the diagonal of X, that is, [0, 5, 10].

1X = np.array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3], [ 4, 5, 6, 7], [ 8, 9, 10, 11]])

array([ 0,  5, 10])

Create a 2-D array whose diagonal equals [1, 2, 3, 4] and 0's elsewhere.

array([[1, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 2, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 3, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 4]])

Create an array which looks like below. array([[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], [ 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.], [ 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.]])

array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])

Create an array which looks like below. array([[ 0, 0, 0], [ 4, 0, 0], [ 7, 8, 0], [10, 11, 12]])

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [ 4,  0,  0],
       [ 7,  8,  0],
       [10, 11, 12]])

Create an array which looks like below. array([[ 1, 2, 3], [ 4, 5, 6], [ 0, 8, 9], [ 0, 0, 12]])

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6],
       [ 0,  8,  9],
       [ 0,  0, 12]])